Everything you need to know about witness protection in cases of racism and right-wing violence in Germany
In cases of racism and right-wing extremist violence, witnesses play a crucial role in uncovering the truth and securing justice. However, they may face threats, intimidation or harassment, which sometimes discourages them from testifying. For this reason, Germany has a strict legal framework to protect witnesses and safeguard their physical and psychological security.
Who is considered a witness?
A witness is any person who:
observed the crime or part of it,
has reliable and relevant information that can support investigations or court proceedings,
can provide direct or indirect evidence about the perpetrators or the circumstances of the offence.
The legal framework for witness protection
Code of Criminal Procedure (Strafprozessordnung – StPO)
It obliges law-enforcement authorities to protect witnesses from any influence, threats or intimidation in order to ensure free and truthful testimony.
Witness Protection Act (Zeugenschutzgesetz)
It allows for special protection measures for threatened witnesses – during investigations, during the trial and, if necessary, even after the proceedings have ended.
Available protection measures
Anonymity of identity
In serious cases, witnesses may testify without revealing their real name or address.
In some situations, witnesses may be allowed to testify behind a screen or via video link.
Personal protection
If there is a serious and concrete threat, temporary police protection can be ordered.
In extreme situations, the witness may be relocated to a new, confidential place of residence.
Special witness protection programme
Used in particularly high-risk cases, such as proceedings against right-wing extremist groups or organised racist networks.
May include a complete change of identity, provision of new secure housing and, in some cases, assistance in finding new employment.
Witness protection in court
Witnesses can request legal support and psychological assistance while giving evidence.
Direct contact between the witness and the defendant in the courtroom can be restricted or prevented to avoid intimidation.
Special support in right-wing violence cases
In cases of right-wing extremist violence, threats are taken especially seriously because of the potentially organised and dangerous structures behind them.
Police and prosecutors coordinate with witness protection units to create an individual protection plan.
Role of associations and organisations
Bodies such as the Federal Anti-Discrimination Agency (Antidiskriminierungsstelle des Bundes) and victim support centres provide legal advice and psychosocial support.
Civil-society initiatives help to protect witnesses morally and emotionally and encourage them to participate in investigations and trials.
Important advice for witnesses
Do not hesitate to report any threat or intimidation, even if it seems minor at first.
Always seek legal advice – before, during and after giving testimony.
Do not disclose your home address or personal details to anyone except official authorities.
What if you feel at risk after the case has ended?
The police and competent authorities remain responsible for assessing your risk situation even after the trial.
Protection programmes can be extended or adjusted – or reactivated – depending on the ongoing risk assessment.
Conclusion
Witness protection is a key pillar in ensuring justice in cases of racism and right-wing violence. If you are a witness yourself, or you know someone in this position, remember: there is a comprehensive legal protection system, and a supportive network of organisations ready to stand by your side.
Key German terms
Zeuge / Zeugin: witness (male / female)
Zeugenschutzgesetz: Witness Protection Act
Antidiskriminierungsstelle des Bundes: Federal Anti-Discrimination Agency
Vernehmung: questioning / interrogation
Opferschutz: victim protection
— The website’s editorial team strives to provide accurate information based on thorough research and multiple sources. Nonetheless, errors or incomplete details may occur. Please treat this article as an initial point of orientation and always consult the competent authorities and professional bodies for binding, up-to-date information.
