Berufsschule and the dual training system (Duale Ausbildung) in Germany
What is the dual Ausbildung system?
The Duale Ausbildung is Germany’s dual vocational training system and is considered one of the most successful models in the world.
It combines theoretical learning at a vocational school (Berufsschule) with practical training in a company or institution.
How does the system work?
| Vocational school (Berufsschule) | Workplace (Ausbildungsbetrieb) | |
|---|---|---|
| Learning content | Theory: occupational basics, maths, language, economics | Practice: applying skills in a real work environment |
| Weekly schedule | 2 days per week or 2 weeks per month (depending on the field) | 3–4 days per week or full alternating blocks |
| Supervision | Under the federal state (Land) | Under chambers (IHK or HWK) |
What is a Berufsschule?
A Berufsschule is the school where an apprentice (Azubi) studies the theoretical subjects during vocational training.
It offers a mix of:
General subjects (German, maths, English, civics/politics)
Job-specific subjects depending on the occupation (technical, commercial, healthcare, arts, etc.)
Who can join the dual training system?
People with Hauptschulabschluss or Realschulabschluss
Even those with Abitur may choose vocational training instead of university
Typically, an Ausbildungsvertrag (training contract) is signed between the apprentice and the company
Examples of occupations in the dual system:
| Field | Common occupations |
|---|---|
| Business & administration | Office management clerk, retail |
| Technical | Mechatronics technician, electrician, industrial mechanic |
| Health & care | Pflegefachmann, dental assistant |
| Media & IT | IT systems electronics technician, IT specialist (Fachinformatiker) |
| Skilled trades | Baker, hairdresser, painter, carpenter |
How long does Ausbildung last?
Between 2 and 3.5 years, depending on the occupation and the apprentice’s educational background.
The duration can be shortened if performance is excellent or if the apprentice has a higher qualification (e.g., Abitur).
Do apprentices get paid?
Yes. Apprentices receive a monthly training salary (Ausbildungsvergütung) which increases each year.
Approximate example:
Year 1: €800–€1,000
Year 2: €950–€1,100
Year 3: €1,100–€1,300
(depending on sector, occupation, and region)
What certificates do apprentices receive?
A school completion certificate (Abschlusszeugnis) from the Berufsschule
A final exam certificate (Prüfungszeugnis) from IHK or HWK
This qualifies them to work as a skilled worker (Fachkraft) in their field.
What happens after Ausbildung?
| Option | What can you do? |
|---|---|
| Work immediately | As a skilled Fachkraft in the company or on the broader job market |
| Weiterbildung (further training) | e.g., Meister, Techniker, or Fachwirt for higher roles |
| Study later | With (Fach-)Hochschulreife, entry to a Fachhochschule is possible |
| Stay with the same company | Many companies hire apprentices right after graduation |
Advantages of the dual system:
| Advantage | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Theory + practice | Learn and work at the same time |
| Monthly income | Financial support and motivation |
| Real-world learning | Strong readiness for the labor market |
| Future pathways | Promotion or later study options |
| International recognition | Germany is known for this model’s success in reducing unemployment |
Note: The editorial team aims to provide accurate information through extensive research and multiple sources. However, errors may occur or some information may be uncertain. Please treat this content as initial guidance and consult the relevant authorities for confirmed information.
