FSJ / FÖJ and Student Visa in Germany – Differences and Requirements

What is FSJ / FÖJ?

• FSJ (Voluntary Social Year): A social year where volunteers work in institutions such as elderly care homes, kindergartens, hospitals, or centers for people with disabilities.

• FÖJ (Voluntary Ecological Year): An ecological year in institutions focused on environment, sustainable agriculture, forestry, or environmental education.

Target group: 18–26 years

Volunteer Visa (§ 19c Abs. 1 in conjunction with § 15 Residence Ordinance)

1. Legal basis Based on § 19c Residence Act and § 15 Residence Ordinance. Stay permitted for 6–18 months, usually one year.

2. Requirements

   • official contract with host organization

   • proof of accommodation

   • proof of financial coverage (often provided by organization: food, housing, monthly allowance)

   • health insurance

   • German language certificate (A1 or A2, depending on embassy)

   • age not exceeding 26 at program start

3. Rights

   • no parallel employment allowed

   • no change to study/work residence during first year (except rare cases)

   • possibility to apply for study or vocational training residence afterwards

Student Visa (§ 16b Residence Act)

1. Legal basis Residence for full university studies. Validity according to study duration (usually one year, extendable).

2. Requirements

   • official admission letter

   • blocked account with at least €11,208 (2025)

   • student health insurance

   • language certificate (B1–C1 depending on subject)

3. Rights

   • work allowed up to 120 full days or 240 half days per year

   • residence can later be converted to work or permanent residence

   • eligibility for BAföG after certain period

Comparison FSJ/FÖJ vs. Student Visa

Conclusion: FSJ/FÖJ is suitable for young people seeking orientation and practical life experience. The student visa is a longer academic path requiring strong funding and academic performance, but it opens more doors for permanent settlement and career opportunities.