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Who pays for wheelchairs in Germany – and who is entitled to get one?
In the German healthcare system, wheelchairs are classified as Hilfsmittel – that is, medical aids used to improve a person’s mobility and ability to manage daily life.
However, whether the costs are covered depends on several factors.
Who is entitled to a wheelchair paid for by insurance?
To have a wheelchair financed by health insurance or another insurer, the following conditions usually have to be met:
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A clear medical report confirming the need (e.g. paralysis, permanent mobility impairment, neurological diseases, advanced frailty).
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A medical prescription for an aid (Hilfsmittelverordnung) issued by a GP or specialist.
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The wheelchair must be medically necessary for:
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moving around at home and outdoors,
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social participation (visits, shopping, appointments …),
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improving independence in everyday life.
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Who pays the costs?
| Payer | When do they pay? |
|---|---|
| Statutory health insurance (GKV) | If there is a clear permanent or temporary medical need |
| Long-term care insurance | If the wheelchair supports daily care |
| Accident insurance | If the limitation is due to a workplace, commuting or traffic accident |
| The patient themselves | If the application is rejected, or if a luxury / high-end model is chosen |
In most cases, wheelchairs are covered by statutory health insurance (GKV), especially if the person cannot move around without a wheelchair.
Does the patient have to contribute anything?
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In general, a statutory co-payment (Zuzahlung) is required, usually around 10 € per aid.
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People with an official exemption from co-payments (Befreiung von Zuzahlung) do not have to pay this amount.
Types of wheelchairs available
| Type | Use |
|---|---|
| Manual wheelchair | Most common, relatively easy to maintain and handle |
| Electric wheelchair | For people with severely reduced arm or hand function |
| Attendant-propelled chair (Schieberollstuhl) | Pushed and controlled by another person |
| Shower / bath wheelchair | Used in the bathroom and for short, safe transfers in wet areas |
Health insurance usually covers the basic medically appropriate model – not luxury, sports or extra-comfort versions that go beyond medical necessity.
How do you apply for a wheelchair?
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Consult a doctor and obtain a Hilfsmittel prescription (Hilfsmittelverordnung) for a wheelchair.
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Submit the prescription to the health insurance fund or the relevant payer.
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The insurer will normally contact a medical supply store (Sanitätshaus) or another supplier.
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The supplier will deliver, adjust and fit the wheelchair and train the user in how to handle it safely.
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Handover is documented in writing, e.g. with a delivery note or handover form.
Maintenance and replacement
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The health insurance fund is usually responsible for regular maintenance and necessary repairs.
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If the wheelchair becomes damaged, heavily worn or the patient’s condition changes, a different or new model can be requested.
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If the wheelchair is no longer needed, it often has to be returned because it remains the property of the insurer / supplier.
Quick summary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who decides? | Doctor + health insurer / responsible payer |
| Is it covered? | Yes, if there is a clearly documented medical need |
| How much does it cost? | Usually almost free for the patient, with a 10 € co-payment |
| Can I choose the model? | To some extent: the basic model is covered, extras are private |
ـ The editorial team of this website aims to provide accurate, well-researched information based on multiple sources. Nevertheless, errors or incomplete details may occur. The content of this article should therefore be regarded as an initial guide only. For binding, case-specific medical or legal advice, please contact doctors, insurance providers and the relevant authorities.
