Dual citizenship for members of foreign armed forces: exceptions

Dual citizenship for members of foreign armed forces in Germany: exceptions and conditions

In Germany, the issue of dual citizenship is particularly complex for people serving in foreign armed forces. Under German nationality law, a person may lose their German citizenship if they join the armed forces of another country without prior authorization. However, there are specific exceptions and conditions that may allow them to retain their citizenship.

The general rule

• German citizens generally lose their citizenship automatically if they enter the armed forces of a foreign state without prior permission from the German government (§ 28 StAG).

• The purpose of this rule is to safeguard loyalty to the German state and its democratic constitutional order.

Exceptions for dual citizenship and service in a foreign army

Obtaining prior authorization (Genehmigung)
It is possible to apply for formal permission before entering military service in another country.
If this authorization is granted, it constitutes an exception to the rule of automatic loss of citizenship.

Service in the armed forces of EU member states or partner countries
In certain situations, German citizens may retain their citizenship while serving in the armed forces of other EU countries or states that have special agreements or close partnerships with Germany.
Each case is assessed individually according to the applicable legal provisions.

Cases of compulsory military service (e.g. national conscription)
In countries where compulsory military service applies, joining the army may be considered an unavoidable legal obligation.
In such cases, special exemptions may be granted so that service does not automatically lead to the loss of German citizenship.

Service in international peacekeeping forces
Participation in missions under the mandate of international organizations – such as the United Nations (UN) or NATO – usually does not affect German citizenship.
This applies in particular where the deployment is based on international agreements and recognized peacekeeping mandates.

Situations involving legally recognized dual or multiple nationality
If a foreign nationality was acquired automatically (for example by birth) and not as a result of a decision linked to military service, it generally does not in itself lead to the loss of German citizenship.
Nonetheless, the exact legal consequences depend on the interaction of German law and the foreign nationality law in each specific case.

Advice for those planning to serve in a foreign military

• Contact the German Federal Ministry of the Interior or the competent immigration / nationality authority before joining a foreign army.

• If necessary, submit a formal application for authorization in advance to avoid losing your German citizenship.

• Keep all official documents relating to your military service and any authorizations or legal opinions in a safe place.

Conclusion

Dual citizenship for members of foreign armed forces is subject to strict rules under German law, but there are important exceptions – particularly where prior authorization has been granted, where service is in the armed forces of EU or partner states, or where compulsory national service applies. Strict compliance with the law and close coordination with the German authorities are essential to safeguard German citizenship and avoid legal risks.

The editorial and writing team of the website strives to provide accurate information through thorough research and consultation of multiple sources. Nevertheless, errors may occur or some information may not be fully verified. Therefore, the information contained in these articles should be regarded as an initial point of reference, and you should always contact the competent authorities to obtain binding and confirmed information.